PAPA 4.2

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How Minerals Form

Vocabulary

solution- A combination when one part of the solution disintegrates the other
vein- a skinny tube of inorganic organism that is very different from the encircling solids

Outline

Introduction

  • Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas
    • people dig diamonds
      • one of the only places where diamonds can be found
    • 20,000 have been found sense 1972
  • How diamonds form
    • volcanic pipe formed in the mantle, 120 kilometers down
      • pressure and heat turned carbon into diamond
      • volcanic pipe is blue rock made of minerals, including diamond

Processes That Form Minerals

  • Minerals used in our items formed billions of years ago
  • Minerals form in 2 ways
    • crystallization of melted materials and crystallization from hot water solutions (crystallization-process by which atoms are made to make something with a crystal structure)

Minerals from Magma Structure

  • Minerals form as magma underground or lava on land
    • once hardened, they become crystals
  • How fast Magma cools, the amount of gas the magma has, and the chemical compositions of the magma make the minerals size
    • the lower the magma is the slower it cools
      • if low, it makes large crystals
      • if high, it cools quickly and makes it smaller
    • if nothing happens to the magma while it's cooling, it will form perfectly

Minerals From Hot Water Solutions

  • Things in Minerals dissolve in hot water
    • underground water heats up in magma along with the elements
    • all the elements dissolve and mix to form solutions
    • it then cools as another mineral
  • Underground metals that crystallize from hot water solutions make veins
    • when solutions mix with dissolved metals make the veins
  • sometimes water comes in-between where plates split and is heated up with rock-forming minerals
    • the solution shoots up and cools as another minerals

Hot_water_solutions.JPG

Minerals Formed by Evaporation

  • Minerals form when solution evaporate
    • salt + water + evaporation = salt crystals
    • solutions form then evaporate in ancient oceans revealing minerals
      • halite, gypsum, calcite

Where Minerals are Found

  • Earth's crust is made of rock-forming material
    • rare minerals are not spread out as much
      • there are processes that bring rare minerals together